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2018—

Where Once the Waters is a series of typed letter-artworks addressing the issue of rising sea levels, inviting the viewer to reflect on changes which have occurred across their lifetimes, whilst offering commentary on sustainability. Each letter – typed onto found, antique papers – presents a measurement, indicating how much the sea has risen along the coastline nearest to the participant’s birthplace, accompanied by brief information on the forces driving this change. It is, perhaps, easier to engage with a subject when it is made clear and personal. First exhibited during COP26 and soon after shown in an exhibition during the 59th Venice Biennale, variations of the installation have since been included in multiple exhibitions.

 
 
 
Where Once the Waters, detail 2 - web size - Cass.jpg

“Cass first became captivated by the flux of water in Florence, where he travelled on a Royal Scottish Academy scholarship. He noticed the clockwork rhythm of the autumnal arriving of rain, which frequently bloated the Arno with the possibility of flood. The 1966 Florence flood marked the city forevermore with traces of disaster: the deluge is etched into the city’s foundations in the form of plaques denoting water levels above head height, and aqueous tidelines have left, in hidden stone places, traces of an oily residue. The Florence flood became, for Cass, a tool to explore contemporary episodes of flooding: it became a symbol of warning,” writes Kate Reeve–Edwards.

“His research in Florence naturally took him to Venice, where flood lines also exist in the form of plaques and the green algae which recounts the levels the waters rest at today. As the city sinks, the buildings, once built in harmony with the levels of the lagoon, have been adapted. Doors which once led directly out to the canals have been cropped or bricked up, their inhabitants moved either up or out. Venice has visual warnings of oncoming flood etched into its architecture. Linear marks of oncoming sea rise imprint themselves on the city as an admonition.” Venice was a fitting place to first present Where Once the Waters, which has gone on to be shown in Reykjavík, Massachusetts, London and Edinburgh. You can take part at any time.

 

Letters exhibited in Venice 2022

Installation designed by David Cass (2018) & written 2020–22
Researched by a small team listed in the exhibition book
Typed & reviewed by Cass & Becky Campbell
Found papers between ~25 & 250 years old

Letters exhibited in Concord, MA 2023

Installation designed by David Cass (2018) & written 2020–23
Typed & reviewed by Cass & Campbell
Found papers between ~25 & 250 years old on recycled, painted homasote backing

Letters exhibited in Edinburgh, Scotland 2025–26

Installation designed by David Cass (2025) & written 2020–25
Typed & reviewed by Cass & Campbell
Found papers between ~25 & 250 years old on steel backing

 
 
Always, and unremittingly, the sea is now political. It is not just part of our society but of our bodies. It has a voice that must be heard as we seek alternatives to the unconstrained violence of growth-based economics. Every way in which we now threaten the sea’s delicate balance will haunt our species and all others for millennia. Damage the ocean, and we destroy ourselves. There is no better distillation of these messages and their aesthetic power than the art of David Cass. The urgency of his message has prompted rich interweaving of visual and textual components to generate visions that no one medium could communicate alone.
— David Gange
This is a project which seeks to place us, the viewer, in the centre of a crisis that can seem so distant and simultaneously so contiguous it’s overwhelming. Cass offers an entryway by making the issue personal, immediate. He humanises it: he makes it emotional so that we might engage better and start a dialogue...
— Alice Tarplee
Cass’s messages to people documenting the sea level rise at the coasts nearest their birthplaces leaves one hoping he will be part of a sea change, one letter at a time…
— Pamela Ellertson
 
 
 

Over [recent] years, the artist has held discussions with several experts in the field concerning sea level rise across the last century, including Prof. Dave Reay, chair of Carbon Management at Edinburgh University, and his previous collaborator, the oceanographer John Englander. These individuals have aided in Cass’s research, offering guidance and support.

Asking volunteers to offer up their birthplace and date of birth conceptually tightened Cass’s idea. As many different people from around the globe took part, it offered up a worldwide view of sea rise. The typical data we are presented with is that the global mean sea level has risen 21–25 centimetres since 1880, but this average figure doesn’t tell the whole story, far from it. Some places are experiencing a more dramatic rate of rise year-on-year than others. By mapping sea level changes across a person’s whole lifetime and attaching this rise to the place of their birth, the change feels more visceral. Both you and the waters have grown with time.

Installed, the letters act as a kind of kinetic wall sculpture; all the sheets overlapping to create a united, rustling organism. The letters are personalised in content and unique aesthetically; because of the varying surface, each has been adapted to engage with the ground it is typed upon. Like everything Cass creates, the letters use vintage paper: old receipts, invoices, or plain stationary, often over a century old, dating back to the time the warming began.

There is a warmth to these letters. The worn ink from the old typewriter, the physical space afforded to each neat block of text, the glowing sepia of the paper draws the viewer towards this swarm. They read one, then turn to its overlapping brother, then read another, and another until the scale of the issue is kindled inside them. Instead of a tsunamic realisation, it is a gradual swelling and churning of an internal tide that will continue to build beyond the bounds of this exhibition.

Kate Reeve–Edwards | Excerpt from the exhibition book

 
 
 
 
...The past is not utterly behind us, nor is the future merely its unexceptional extension. [This] installation makes palpable the quantity of data points required to understand a truly global and cumulative threat, pressing both in its ubiquity and in its pace. As with the infinitude of tesserae in the mosaics so characteristic of Venice, the combination confronts us and demands our attention as a whole. The sea, his objects suggest, variously paint our shores, the tides rising and encroaching on a vast, historical and yet alarmingly accelerating time scale. The exhibition makes concrete our need for purposefulness, our need to protect a delicate symbiosis with the planet.
— Patricia Emison
Last year was yet another record-breaking year for ocean temperatures, just as this year is set to be, and each coming year for the foreseeable future. Oceans rise as they warm, impacting coastlines around the world. Venice will undoubtedly be one of the first casualties of rising water. The latest IPCC report describes a ‘brief and rapidly closing’ window for action. In a world where every fraction of a degree of warming counts, the coming together of many individual actions will make a difference, no matter how insignificant they may seem. Like the assembly of this project, it is the small parts that make the whole.
— David Cass
 
 
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Where Once the Waters was first shown as a comprehensive installation during the 59th Venice Biennale of Art. It has since been shown, in various iterations, in the USA, Egypt, Iceland and the UK. A timeline for the ongoing project can be found here. Please contact the studio if you’d like to exhibit the series.

 

Letter to Glasgow
October – November 2021: COP26, UK

Where Once the Waters
Spring 2022: Venice Biennale, Italy

Letter to Bill, Letter to Claire, Letter to Conrad, Letter to Grayson, Letter to Stephen
June – August 2022: Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, UK

Letter to Rhea
Summer – autumn 2022: I AM WATER New York billboard campaign, USA

Letter to Mesi
November 2022: COP27, Art Speaks Out, Egypt

Where Once the Waters
May – June 2023: The Umbrella Arts Center, USA

Where Once the Waters
May 2024: University of Iceland, Reykjavík

Where Once the Waters
November 2024: University of Westminster at The Soho Poly, London, UK

Where Once the Waters
December 2025 – January 2026: Royal Scottish Academy, Edinburgh, UK